Proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control is the most common control algorithm used in industry today. The popularity of PID controllers can be attributed to their effectiveness in a wide range ...

Proportional-integral-derivative (PID) is the most common industrial technology for closed-loop control. A proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller can be used to control temperature, ...

Using functions of bounded variation, we define a Volterra type derivative of the linear functional associated with a Lebesgue integrable function and show that it is equal to this function almost ...