Mypy, Pytype, Pyright, and Pyre can help you keep your type-hinted Python code bug-free. Let’s see what each of these useful tools has to offer. In the beginning, Python had no type decorations. That ...

Tighten up your code and identify errors before they occur with mypy. I've been using dynamic languages—Perl, Ruby and Python—for many years. I love the ...

Learn how Mypy's type checking works with functions and generators. In my last two articles I've described some of the ways Mypy, a type checker for Python, can help identify potential problems with ...

The core of the Python data model architecture is special methods (also known as "magic methods"). These methods, which start and end with double underscores, such as __init__, __getitem__, and __len_ ...

Python 3.11 introduced the Specializing Adaptive Interpreter. When the interpreter detects that some operations predictably involve the same types, those operations are “specialized.” The generic ...